In 1974, Greiter adapted earlier calculations from Friedrich Ellinger and Rudolf Schulze and introduced the "sun protection factor" (SPF), which has become the global standard for measuring UVB protection. In 1946, Austrian chemist Franz Greiter introduced a product, called Gletscher Crème (Glacier Cream), subsequently became the basis for the company Piz Buin, named in honor of the mountain where Greiter allegedly received the sunburn. Sales boomed when Coppertone improved and commercialized the substance under the Coppertone girl and Bain de Soleil branding in the early 1950s. In 1944, as the hazards of sun overexposure became apparent to soldiers stationed in the Pacific tropics at the height of World War II, Benjamin Green, an airman and later a pharmacist produced Red Vet Pet (for red veterinary petrolatum) for the US military. Įarly adopters of sunscreen were the US military. In 1936, L'Oreal released its first sunscreen product, formulated by French chemist Eugène Schueller. Its protection was verified by the University of Adelaide. Milton Blake, in 1932 formulating with the UV filter 'salol' (Phenyl salicylate) at a concentration of 10%. Followed by the first sunscreen, invented in Australia by chemist H.A.
The first ultraviolet B filters were produced in 1928. In Madagascar, a ground wood paste called masonjoany has been worn for sun protection, as well as decoration and insect repellent, since the 18th century, and is ubiquitous in the Northwest coastal regions of the island to this day. In Myanmar, thanaka, a yellow-white cosmetic paste made of ground bark, is traditionally used for sun protection.
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It is used most commonly by women to protect the face and exposed skin areas from the harsh tropical sun at sea. Among the nomadic sea-going Sama-Bajau people of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, a common type of sun protection is a paste called borak or burak, which was made from water weeds, rice and spices. Zinc oxide paste has also been popular for skin protection for thousands of years. For example, ancient Greeks used olive oil for this purpose, and ancient Egyptians used extracts of rice, jasmine, and lupine plants whose products are still used in skin care today. History Malagasy woman from Madagascar wearing masonjoany, a traditional sunscreen whose use dates back to the 18th century Burmese girls wearing thanaka for sun protection and cosmetic purposes.Įarly civilizations used a variety of plant products to help protect the skin from sun damage. To effectively protect against all the potential damages of UV light, the use of broad-spectrum sunscreens (covering both UVA and UVB radiation) has been recommended. The routine use of sunscreens may also reduce the risk of melanoma. Medical organizations such as the American Cancer Society recommend the use of sunscreen because it aids in the prevention of squamous cell carcinomas. Some chemical ingredients have also been heavily scrutinised for their toxicity and have thus been banned in places such as Hawaii and Thailand for their impact on aquatic life and the environment. Chemical sunscreen ingredients mainly work by absorbing the UV rays. Chemical sunscreens (also referred to as petrochemical sunscreens), use active ingredients that are typically derived from petroleum (e.g.Minerals mainly work by reflecting UV rays.
Mineral sunscreens (also referred to as physical), use active ingredients that are minerals ( zinc oxide and titanium dioxide).Sunscreens are regulated in terms of containing an active ingredient that is of mineral or chemical origin: Sunscreens are common supplements to clothing, particularly sunglasses, sunhats and special sun protective clothing, and other forms of photoprotection (such as umbrellas). Sunscreens come as lotions, sprays, gels, foams (such as an expanded foam lotion or whipped lotion ), sticks, powders and other topical products. Sunscreen, also known as sunblock or sun cream, is a photoprotective topical product for the skin that helps protect against sunburn and most importantly prevent skin cancer.
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